BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In infertility without suffering tubal factor, IUI is the choice therapeutic method. Some studies recommended double IUI for every cycle. Since double IUI needs more laboratory materials and more expenses, so in this study it was tried to evaluate pregnancy rate in infertile couples after SINGLE and double IUI.METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed on infertile couples referred to Fatemeh Alzahra or Babol Clinic hospital for IUI cycles. Patients divided into two groups. In the first group, 36 hours after HCG injection, IUI was done as a SINGLE protocol and in the other group; IUI was done 24 & 72 hours after HCG injection as double protocol. Then data were analyzed by fishers exact test.FINDINGS: Two hundred and fifteen women participated in our study and their mean age was 26.02±5.5 and the mean (±SD) duration of infertility was 3.73 (±2.75) years. In the first group, pregnancy rate was 16.9% and in second group it was 19.6% without any significant difference between two groups. Also, there was no significant difference between groups in pregnancy rate with different etiology of infertility.CONCLUSION: Some studies recommended that double IUI is more successful than SINGLE IUI But present findings suggest that there is no difference in pregnancy rate between SINGLE IUI and double IUI.

Infertility with an incidence of about 10- 1 5% is one of the community burdens that even threatens the continuity of the family life. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is frequently used in the treatment of infertile couples with various causes of infertility. The difference pregnancy rates following a double IVI versus a SINGLE IVI has been reported. In this study we compared the effectiveness of double IVI before and after ovulation with a SINGLE IVI super ovulated cycles with clomiphene citrate. This was a prospective randomized controlled trial study. Our study was carried on 200 women with mild male factor without male factor infertility, and other female factor as an IVI candidate. They were stimulated with clomiphene 100 mg for 5 days plus HCG 10000 IV. On the day of HCG administration, patients were randomly divided into one of two groups; in group I, IVI was performed 36 hours after HCG injection and in group II, Double IVI was performed 18 and 42 hours after the HCG injection. Clinical pregnancy rates in both groups were compared per cycle. The demographic data for two groups were similar. Pregnancy rate of the first group was 14% versus 13% for the second group, so there was no statistical significance difference between two groups (double and SINGLE IVI) for the pregnancy rates in super ovulation cycles with clomiphene citrate. (P=0.834) The result of this study did not show benefit for double IVI over SINGLE IVI in clomiphene citrate/ HCG cycles. Regarding our Findings for future research in IVI candidate couple, using double IVI and comparing with SINGLE IVI especially with HMG/HCG super ovulation protocol and also infertile couple with male factor is suggested.

Introduction: While human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been a subject of somehow extensive investigation, EPCs from adult mouse hematopoietic system were poorly studied. Present investigation is focused on FVB mouse endothelial progenitor cells in terms of their isolation, purification, and expansion. Materials and Methods: Mononuclear cells collected from murine peripheral blood were cultured in fibronectin coated plate for two weeks, at which point, the adherent cell population were lifted and analyzed in terms of some surface markers. Using FACS Vantage equipped with one-cell deposition unit, SINGLE CD34 positive cells were plated per well already containing medium optimized for SINGLE cell growth. Several clones were then emerged, expanded, and examined in terms of some surface markers. Furthermore, the cells were investigated regarding ability to uptake DiI-ac-LDL and form capillary network on matrigel surfaces. Results: Adherent population of mononuclear cells from mouse peripheral blood was appeared morphologically heterogeneous. About 5% of the adherent cells were CD34 positive. Having optimized their culture condition, several CD34 positive clones were expanded. The cells comprising the clones were DiI-ac-LDL+ and formed capillary-like tube when being seeded on matrigel surfaces. Conclusion: The primary culture of the mononuclear cells from murine peripheral blood contains a very limited number of cells positive for endothelial lineage markers. These cells (adherent CD34 positive) could be expanded by SINGLE cell cloning technique.

Objective: IUI is frequently used as a first line strategy in the treatment of infertile couples because of its relatively low cost and simplicity. Unfortunately, this cooperation without considering enough standard laboratory equipments, materials, and methods leads to unexpected and risky results which are not desirable. Because of preventing undesirable results it should be done in the hands of expert and knowledgeable persons. As it can be performed efficiently in the office and does not require sophisticated equipment (but standard) for diseases such as endometriosis, male infertility and anovulation. Predictive sperm parameters and threshold values with respect to semen characteristics for successful intrauterine insemination have been controversial; although the world health organization’s reference values for semen analysis are often use to assess sperm quality. More often pregnancies which are not successful with IUI have been achieved in sub fertile couples with sperm parameters below reference values listed in the W.H.O. manual. One of the most important parameters in a successful IUI is the precise knowledge of cooperative lab. About the full structure and morphology of sperm The sample should be processed under standard conditions to avoid using all the negative parameters and shocks, in order to gaining a desirable outcome. Sperm processing techniques for IUI vary from laboratory to laboratory and even from patient to patient. IUI has been used with variable success for the treatment of numerous indications in the infertile couples. Accordingly several semen parameters have been essential for successful IUI as mentioned below: 1. the semen should have the minimal reference values of W.H.O. 2. T.S.M. In the first and processed sample has important prospective. 3. Material and method should be standard and done in a standard lab. 4. Speed and forward progression percentage of sperms. 5. Making the right decision for choosing ether of swim up or gradient method for sperm processing. 6. Knowing the probable defects on a fetus due to laboratory mistakes. Materials and Methods: Prospective studyResults: there should be a permanent observation and contribution between the lab responsible for IUI and responsible performed IUI clinicsConclusion: without consideration of obligate steps for IUI, there might be the risk of genetic defects in the children who were born after such IUI performances.